Brain
Headaches, Migraines
Headache is a general term for pain anywhere in the region of the head or neck. Headaches that are not caused by another medical condition are called primary headaches. Headaches that are symptoms of another disorder are called secondary headaches.
Treatments for Headaches, Migraines
Treatment for headache disorders usually involves taking medication to prevent attacks and relieve symptoms during attacks.
Your headaches may also improve if you are able to identify and avoid your triggers.
Symptoms of Headaches, Migraines
- Headache disorders differ from each other in terms of the location of the pain produced (i.e. front, side, or back of head) and other symptoms that accompany the pain (i.e. nausea and vomiting in migraine).
How are Headaches, Migraines diagnosed?
- To diagnose a headache disorder, your doctor will likely perform physical and neurological examinations and review your personal and family medical histories. An imaging test or a lumbar puncture may also be used in some cases.
Brain
Imbalance
Imbalance describes problems with your balance that can cause you to feel dizzy or unstable on your feet. Vertigo, a false sensation of spinning or movement, can be a component of imbalance. Imbalance may be a result of aging, or it could be an early sign of a more serious disease or condition. There may also be no obvious cause of imbalance.
Treatments for Imbalance
Treatment for imbalance will depend on the cause but may include medications or surgery.
Your physician may also prescribe vestibular rehabilitation therapy, which combines head, body, and eye exercises to reduce the dizziness and nausea caused by imbalance.
A physician who specializes in imbalance and balance problems is called a vestibular neurologist or a vestibular specialist.
Symptoms of Imbalance
- Blurred vision
- Confusion, disorientation
- Dizziness, vertigo
- Falling or feeling as if you are going to fall
- Fear, anxiety, panic
- Lightheadedness, faintness, floating sensation
How are Imbalance diagnosed?
- MRI scan, CT scan
- ENG test
- Physical examination
Brain
Parkinson’s Disease
Parkinson’s disease is a progressive, chronic neurological condition that affects a person’s movement, gait and/or balance. Parkinson’s disease causes a gradual deterioration of a small area of cells in the midbrain known as the substantia nigra. The deterioration of these cells causes a decrease in dopamine, a neurotransmitter used by your nerves to send signals from your brain to the rest of your body. The physical symptoms of Parkinson’s disease are caused by this decrease in dopamine.
Treatments for Parkinson’s Disease
Parkinson’s disease is not a fatal illness, but it does not have a cure. However, medical and surgical treatments, combined with exercise and neuro-rehabilitation, allow many people to maintain a high level of function.
The goal of treatment is to maximize independence and quality of life. Your treatment may include medication, surgery, and rehabilitation therapy.
Symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease
- Gait or balance problems
- Generalized slowness of movement
- Resting tremor on one side of the body
- Stiffness of limbs
- Decreased facial expression
- Increase in dandruff or oily skin
- Lack of arm swing on the affected side
- Less frequent blinking and swallowing
- Lowered voice volume
- Slight foot drag on the affected side
- Small cramped handwriting
How are Parkinson’s Disease diagnosed?
- MRI scan, CT scan
- XRay test
Brain
Epilepsy
Epilepsy is a neurological condition characterized by spontaneous, repeated seizures. Seizures occur when there are abnormal electrical currents in the brain. A single seizure does not necessarily mean that a person will develop epilepsy.
Treatments for Epilepsy
When you are diagnosed with epilepsy, your doctor will usually recommend treatment with one or more anti-epilepsy medications. About 70% of people with epilepsy have good control of their seizures with medication, and they have few or no side effects.
If you have epilepsy that is not well controlled with medication, you might be eligible for other treatments. These treatments include epilepsy surgery, brain stimulation devices, vagal nerve stimulation, and the ketogenic diet. The goal of epilepsy treatment is to be completely seizure free.
Symptoms of Epilepsy
- Seizures
How are Epilepsy diagnosed?
- MRI scan
- CT scan
- EEG
- Epilepsy Monitoring Unit
- MEG
- Physical Examination
- Pressure-monitoring techniques
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