Accidental, Emergency
Brain Trauma
Traumatic brain injury usually results from a violent blow or jolt to the head or body. An object that penetrates brain tissue, such as a bullet or shattered piece of skull, also can cause traumatic brain injury. Mild traumatic brain injury may affect your brain cells temporarily. More-serious traumatic brain injury can result in bruising, torn tissues, bleeding and other physical damage to the brain.
Treatments for Brain Trauma
Mild traumatic brain injuries usually require no treatment other than rest and over-the-counter pain relievers to treat a headache.
The doctor will indicate when a return to work, school or recreational activities is appropriate.
Emergency care for moderate to severe traumatic brain injuries focuses on making sure the person has enough oxygen and an adequate blood supply, maintaining blood pressure, and preventing any further injury to the head or neck.
Symptoms of Brain Trauma
- Loss of consciousness
- Headache
- Nausea, Vomiting
- Fatigue, Drowsiness
- Problems with speech
- Dizziness or loss of balance
- Blurred Vision
- Ringing in ears
How are Brain Trauma diagnosed?
- CT scan
- MRI scan
Accidental, Emergency
Ischaemic Brain Stroke
Ischemic stroke occurs when blockage of an artery causes an inadequate supply of blood and oxygen to the brain. Ischemic stroke is the most common form of stroke, accounting for 87 percent of all strokes.
The brain depends on fresh blood to carry oxygen and nutrients to the brain and to dispose of waste products. If an artery becomes blocked, brain cells in the region supplied by that artery stop working. If the artery remains blocked for more than a few minutes, brain cells begin to die. This is why the immediate medical treatment of stroke is critical.
Treatments for Ischaemic Brain Stroke
The longer a stroke goes untreated, the more brain cells die and the more difficult recovery becomes. Therefore, it is critical to treat stroke quickly to preserve as much brain tissue as possible.
The treatment of choice for ischemic stroke is a drug called tissue plasminogen activator. Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) breaks up the blockages in the arteries that cause ischemic stroke, restoring crucial blood flow to the brain.
Symptoms of Ischaemic Brain Stroke
- Blindness in one or both eyes
- Difficulty speaking
- Dizziness, vertigo
- Double vision
- Weakness
- Impaired consciousness
- Loss of coordination
- Seizure
How are Ischaemic Brain Stroke diagnosed?
- Computed tomography (CT)
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Accidental, Emergency
Brain Hemorrhage
Hemorrhagic stroke occurs when blood escapes from a damaged or weakened blood vessel in the brain. This causes pressure and swelling that compresses surrounding brain tissue, resulting in damage and death to brain cells that can cause lasting neurological complications.
Treatments for Brain Hemorrhage
Generally speaking, the first phase of treatment for hemorrhagic stroke is dedicated to stabilizing vital signs and stopping the bleeding within the brain. Steps may be taken to reverse the effects of blood thinning medications to allow a clot to form. Measures may also be taken to lower blood pressure, reduce or prevent seizures, reduce swelling in the brain, and prevent blood vessel spasms.
In some cases, surgery may be needed to remove clotted blood that is putting pressure on the brain, or to repair the defect in the artery that has hemorrhaged. Surgery may also be used to repair an aneurysm or AVM that is likely to bleed again.
Symptoms of Brain Hemorrhage
- Blindness in one or both eyes
- Blurred vision
- Facial droop
- Intolerance to light
- Loss of ability to understand or express speech
- Partial or total loss of consciousness
- Vertigo
- Vomiting, Nausea
- Urinary incontinence
How are Brain Hemorrhage diagnosed?
- Blood tests, Urine tests
- Computed tomography (CT)
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Accidental, Emergency
Syncope
Syncope is a temporary loss of consciousness due to insufficient blood flow to the brain, usually described as fainting or passing out.
Vasovagal syncope is the most common type and is also known by other names including neurocardiogenic syncope (favored by cardiologists), vasodepressor syncope, and neurally-mediated syncope
Treatments for Syncope
Vasovagal syncope is usually harmless and does not require medical management. Instead, people are advised how to watch for and react to trigger situations.
A doctor may help you identify triggers so that you can avoid them. If that does not work, the doctor may suggest medications or techniques to decrease the pooling of blood in your legs depending on the cause of the syncope.
Symptoms of Syncope
- Nausea
- Tunnel vision
- Cold, clammy skin
- Skin paleness
- Slow, weak pulse
- Infrequen
How are Syncope diagnosed?
- Computed tomography (CT)
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
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